Applied Thermodynamics syllabus

Fundamentals of IC Engines: Heat Engine, Engine classification, Applications, I.C. Engine construction - components and materials, Engine nomenclature, Valve timing diagram, Intake and exhaust system. Fuel, Air and Actual Cycle: Air-standard cycles- Otto, Diesel & Dual Cycle (Derivation of Efficiencies & MEP), fuel air cycles, and actual cycles, Effects of variables on performance, various losses and Comparison of Air standard with Fuel and Actual cycle. (Numerical on Air-standard cycles)

Combustion in IC Engines: Fuel injection system in SI & CI Engines Combustion in SI and CI engines and factors affecting efficiency, Knocking in SI and CI engines, Combustion Chambers used in SI & CI Engine. Fuel Technology: Biofuels, hydrogen, synthetic fuels, LPG, CNG, ethanol blends. Role of octane and cetane numbers, fuel additives.

Engine Testing Procedure and Engine parameters, Measurement of indicated power, Brake power, fuel consumption, Air Consumption, Measurement of friction power by Willan’s Line Method and Morse Test, calculation of mean effective pressure, various efficiencies, specific fuel consumption, heat balance sheet of IC Engines and performance Characteristic curves. (Numerical on Engine parameters & HBS). Role of supercharging and turbocharging in engine performance improvement. Emission Control Technologies: Pollutants from engines- CO, HC, NOx, PM, and their impact on air quality, Emission reduction strategies: Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF), Three-Way Catalysts (TWC), BS-VI and Euro 6 emission standards

Ignition system: battery coil ignition system, magneto ignition system, Electronics Ignition (CDI- Capacitor Discharge Igniter, TCI-Transistor Controlled Igniter). Cooling system: Air Cooling, Liquid cooling. Lubrication system: Objectives of lubrication system, properties of lubricant, Methods of lubrication system, Recent Trends in IC Engine: Introduction to engine management systems (EMS) and ECU-controlled ignition, Advanced combustion technologies: HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition), AI- based predictive maintenance, fault diagnosis, and digital twins in IC engines..

Reciprocating Compressor: Applications of compressed air, single stage compressor (without clearance and with clearance volume), volumetric efficiency, isothermal efficiency, effect of clearance volume, free air delivery (FAD), actual indicator diagram for air compressor, Multi staging of compressor, optimum intermediate pressure, intercooler, after cooler, Capacity control of compressors. (Numerical). Rotary Compressors: Roots blower, Vane type, Screw compressor and Scroll compressor.