Operating Systems syllabus

Basics of Operating Systems: Objectives & Functions, Evolution of OS, Types of Operating Systems, OS Service, System Calls: Introduction, Types of System Calls OS structure: Layered Approach, Monolithic, Microkernel Operating Systems Introduction to Linux OS: Components of Linux system, Basic Shell commands

Case studies: 1) Automating User and File Management in Linux using Shell Script 2) Demonstrating Different OS Structures (Monolithic, Layered, Microkernel OS)

Process management: Definition, types of process. Process States and Transitions diagram, Process Control Block (PCB), context switching and its impact on performance, Process Scheduling. Types of Schedulers: long term, short term, middle term, Threads: Concept of thread, Multithreading, User-level vs Kernel-level Threads. Scheduling Algorithms: Preemptive Scheduling vs Non-preemptive Scheduling, FCFS, SJF, RR, Priority Process Scheduling in UNIX and Windows Cast Studies - 1) Prepare case study on challenges for Real-time Scheduling 2)Performance Comparison of Scheduling Algorithms (FCFS vs SJF, RR vs Priority Scheduling) under different workload conditions

Concurrency: Critical section problem, Synchronization primitives (Semaphores, Mutexes, Monitors) Synchronization Problems: Producer-Consumer, Reader Writer, Dining Philosophers Inter-Process Communication (IPC): Message passing, Shared memory Deadlocks: Conditions, Prevention, Avoidance (Banker’s Algorithm), Detection, Recovery

Case Studies - 1) Interprocess Communication (IPC) in a Banking System 2) Deadlock in Railway Scheduling Systems

Introduction, Contiguous and non-contiguous, Fragmentation:Internal and External fragmentation Memory allocation strategies: First Fit, Best Fit, Worst Fit, Memory Partitioning:Fixed and Dynamic partitions Paging: Structure of page table, Segmentation.Virtual Memory: Background, Demand Paging Page Replacement: FIFO, LRU, Optimal Thrashing.

Case study : Intel Premium

File Management: File operation, Directory structure, File System structure, File Organization and Access, File Directories, File Allocation Methods,Secondary Storage Management, File Systems in Operating System (FAT, NTFS, EXT, and HFS). Disk Management: Secondary-Storage Structure - Disk structure, Disk scheduling algorithm (FIFO, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCAN, LOOK, C-LOOK), Disk reliability, Disk formatting, Boot-block, Bad blocks.

Case Studies - 1) Study of Linux File System. 2) Study of Android File System.