Fluid Mechanics syllabus

Properties of fluids: basic definitions - fluid, fluid mechanics, ideal fluids, real fluids, mass density, specific weight, specific volume, specific gravity; viscosity- dynamic and kinematic, classification of fluids based on newton’s law of viscosity (rheological diagram), surface tension, capillarity, vapour pressure, compressibility and elasticity. Fluid statics: pressure and its measurement, fluid pressure at a point, pascal’s law, hydrostatic law; concept of atmospheric, absolute, gauge and negative pressure; pressure measuring devices. Total pressure, intensity of pressure, center of pressure. Pressure on horizontal, vertical, inclined and curved surfaces.

Eulerian and Lagrangian approach, velocity and acceleration, and their components in Cartesian co-ordinates, Classification of flows, streamline, stream tube, path line, streak line, control volume. Equation of continuity for 3-D flow in Cartesian coordinates, components of rotation, velocity potential, stream function, flow net and it’s use.

Forces acting on fluid mass in motion, Euler’s equation of motion along a streamline and its integration to get Bernoulli’s equation and its limitations, Modified Bernoulli’s equation, concept of HGL and TEL, Application of Bernoulli’s equation: Venturimeter, Orifice meter, Rota-meter and Pitot tube.

Characteristics of laminar flow, laminar flow through a circular pipe: Hagen Poiseuille equation, Hazen-Williams formula. Characteristics of turbulent flow, Darcy-Weisbach Equation, Moody’s diagram, Major and minor losses of energy in pipes, flow through pipes in simple and compound pipe,pipes in series, parallel,Dupit’s equation, Introduction to pipe network and design: Hardy cross method.

Introduction to Open channel flow: Classification of channels, channel flows and geometric elements of channel, Velocity distribution in open channel flow and hydraulic jump. Uniform flow in open channels: Uniform flow formulae: Chezy’s and Manning's formulae; Factors affecting Manning's roughness coefficient. Most efficient channel sections: rectangular, trapezoidal. Depth-Energy Relationships in Open Channel Flow: Specific energy and Specific force diagram, Depth discharge Diagram, Critical depth, Conditions for occurrence of critical flow; Froude's number, flow classification based on it, Introduction to channel transition.